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milestones in text-to-speech conversion (Klatt 1987) | a01 - a02 - a03 - a04 - a05 - a06 - a07 - a08 - a09 - a10 - a11 - a12 - a13 - a14 - | |
Part A: Development | ||
| The objective of early research on speech synthesis was to test whether the synthesizer design is capable of high-quality imitations of human voices. |  listen to demonstration  technical details  text/transcript  | |
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a01 The VODER of Homer Dudley, 1939. | |
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a02 The Pattern Playback designed by Franklin Cooper, 1951. | |
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a03 PAT, the Parametric Artificial Talker of Walter Lawrence, 1953. | |
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a04 The OVE cascade formant synthesizer of Gunnar Fant, 1953. | |
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a05 Copying a natural sentence using Walter Lawrence's PAT formant synthesizer, 1962. | |
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a06 Copying the same sentence using the second generation of Gunnar Fant's OVE cascade formant synthesizer, 1962. | |
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a07 Comparison of synthesis and a natural sentence, using OVE II, by John Holmes, 1961. | |
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a08 Comparison of synthesis and a natural sentence, John Holmes using his parallel formant synthesizer, 1973. | |
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a09 Attempt to scale the DECtalk male voice to make it sound female. | |
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a10 Comparison of synthesis and a natural sentence, female voice, Dennis Klatt, 1986. | |
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a11 The DAVO articulatory synthesizer developed by George Rosen at M.I.T., 1958. | |
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a12 Sentences produced by an articulatory model, James Flanagan and Kenzo Ishizaka, 1976. | |
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a13 Linear-prediction analysis and resynthesis of speech at a low-bit rate in the Texas Instruments Speak-'n'-Spell toy, Richard Wiggins, 1980. | |
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a14 Comparison of synthesis and a natural recording, automatic analysis-resynthesis using multipulse linear prediction, Bishnu Atal, 1982. | |
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